![[Univ of Cambridge]](http://www.eng.cam.ac.uk/images/house_style/uniban-s.gif){kind=small}
![[Dept of Engineering]](http://www.eng.cam.ac.uk/images/house_style/engban-s.gif){kind=small}
Cambridge Centre for Micromechanics
Composite Materials
Compressive Failure of Composites
Smart Composites
Designing with Composite Materials
Road Materials
Failure of Composite Sandwich Panels
Draping of Woven Materials
Metal Matrix Composites
Wood Composites
High Temperature Superconductivity
Ceramic Powder Processing by Evaporative Decomposition of Solution
Melt Processed Bulk High Temperature Superconductors for Engineering Applications
Scanning Tunnelling Potentiometry Measurements in Superconductors
Critical Currents and Vortex Dynamics in High Temperature Superconducting Crystals
Metallic Foams
Mechanical Properties of Metallic Foams
Acoustic and Thermal Properties of Metal Foams
Other Topics
Modelling Materials Processing
Strain Gradient Plasticity Theory
Thermal Shock Resistance of Solids
Technical Cost Modelling for High Temperature Manufacturing
Powder Processing
Experimental HIP Studies
Powder Compaction of Composites
Failure Analysis
Tribology
Friction and Wear of Dry and Lubricated Contact
Metal Working Tribology
Adhesion of Elastic Spheres and Nano-Tribology
Adhesion Mechanics of Thin Layers
Shear-Thinning Lubricants
Director: Prof. N.A. Fleck, Engineering Department
Co-Directors: Professor M.F. Ashby, Engineering Department
Dr T.W. Clyne, Materials Science and Metallurgy Department
Professor J.R. Willis, Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics
An inter-Departmental Centre for research in Micromechanics was opened in March 1996. Micromechanics is "the application of the principles of mechanics, thermodynamics and kinetics to the modelling of material response at length scales ranging from the atomistic to the macroscropic". The Centre is housed in Engineering and hosts joint projects with the Departments of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, and Materials Science and Metallurgy. The current research thrusts of the Centre are (a) mechanics of composites, (b) processing and (c) metallic foams. The Centre has financial support from a number of EPSRC programmes and also from U.S. funding. A weekly workshop stimulates inter-disciplinary discussion on defined problems in micromechanics. A major aim of the Centre is to stimulate closer interaction with U.K. industry and with the best international researchers, and to co-ordinate research on fundamental and important problems.
Professor N.A. Fleck
Dr M.P.F. Sutcliffe
The practical design of composite components is often governed by their poor compressive strength. The Cambridge group has identified fibre waviness and matrix shear yield as the underlying reason for low compressive strength(D31,D33,D59,D61). Processing models are being developed to predict the distribution of fibre waviness and theoretical models are used to predict the effect on strength. The effect of structural features such as holes and ply drops is being examined both theoretically and experimentally. The work is funded by EPSRC and is being done in collaboration with the Materials Science and Metallurgy Department in Cambridge, British Aerospace and Hexcel Composites.
Professor N.A. Fleck
Professor M.F. Ashby
A systematic materials selection procedure has been developed for the use of active materials in particular applications(D41). A micromechanics model has been developed for phase transformation in ferroelectrics and in shape memory alloys.
Dr P.W.R. Beaumont
Work on the integration of composite selection and mechanical design relates to issues at the micro and macro levels of structure that lead to the optimisation of material structure, properties and component performance. This is accomplished by applying the mechanics of material behaviour using fracture mechanics and damage mechanics. Studies are based on the identification and characterisation of crack growth and damage accumulation processes in a wide range of composite material systems including ceramic and polymeric-based materials using optical and in-situ dynamic scanning electron microscopy.
Physical models of damage growth in a format suitable for the conceptual design of crack-insensitive, damage-tolerant composite materials systems are applied over a range of stress and temperature(D21,D22,D23,D24). The form of these models is suitable for applying to the design and control of the composite's microstructure for mechanical and thermal stability. This study is in collaboration with Professor Mark Spearing, MIT, USA, and with Professor Rob Fredell, US Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, USA, on the design of adhesive composite patches for ageing aircraft.
A new micromechanical theory of stress corrosion cracking of glass fibre-polymer composites is based on observation of crack initiation at pre-existing flaws on the surface of glass fibre(D66). This work is in collaboration with Professor Hideki Sekine, University of Tohuku, Japan, who spent six months working at Cambridge.
Dr D. Cebon
Professor M.F. Ashby
Professor N.A. Fleck
Theoretical and experimental research has continued on the behaviour of asphalts, particularly permanent deformation, fatigue cracking, and fracture. This work is part of a multidisciplinary project on the failure mechanisms of asphalt pavements, funded by the EPSRC. Papers were published on the rheology and deformation mechanisms of bitumens(D13,D14), and on the constitutive behaviour of thin films of bitumen, as are found in the contacts between aggregate particles in asphalts.
Dr M.P.F. Sutcliffe
Failure mode maps for honeycomb composite sandwich panels under three point bending have been derived and tested experimentally. The work is being undertaken in collaboration with Hexcel Composites.
Dr M.P.F. Sutcliffe
The mechanics of the draping of woven fabrics is being examined in collaboration with Macneal-Schwendler Corporation (producers of the MSC/PATRAN finite element package) and Hexcel composites. The work examines both experimentally and using finite elements the way in which woven materials deform as they are draped over complex moulds.
Dr C.Y. Barlow
Work has continued on microscopic aspects of deformation structures in aluminium-based metal-matrix composites. The particular focus has been to understand the local strain fields around reinforcing particles or whiskers, comparing experimentally measured strain distributions with theoretical models.
Dr C.Y. Barlow
In collaboration with groups from France and the University of Bath, studies have continued on the interrelation of manufacturing processes and mechanical properties of wood composite materials such as fibre-board. Work is also in progress on the design and fabrication of glue joints in load-bearing laminated or jointed wood structures.
Dr D.A. Cardwell
A ceramic powder processing technique based on evaporative decomposition of solution (EDS) has been developed and applied to fabricate Y-Ba-Cu-O powder for melt processed YBCO. This technique yields a high powder purity which may be fully reacted at low calcination temperature to produce a fine particle geometry. In addition, this method has been demonstrated to be particularly suitable for achieving homogeneous distribution of small concentrations of dopants (<1%) within the ceramic matrix.
Dr D.A. Cardwell
Large, single grain bulk high temperature superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-d (YBCO) has been fabricated in samples of
up to 7cm in diameter by a seeded melt processed growth technique. Specimens of this material have been used for the first time to stabilise a 40kg
rotor in a magnetically levitated flywheel for energy storage applications in collaboration with BNFL. An optimum sample size of ~2cm diameter
has been identified from this study, which is significant if higher field applications are to be developed.
NdBa2Cu3O7-d and SmBa2Cu3O7-d have been fabricated by melt texturing and their magnetic properties studied by vibrating sample magnetometry. Samples have been observed to support transport current in fields of up to 13T at 77K which is more than a factor of 2 greater than YBCO. This underlines the potential of these materials for engineering applications.
High quality low Tc multilayers can be readily and reliably fabricated in the Department of Materials Science. This is an ideal system to model the behaviour of HTS materials where the effects of anisotropy and pinning are not easily separated.
Melt processed TBCO has been fabricated in large grain form (~3 cm diameter), with added UO2 to generate flux pinning centres, in collaboration with BNFL. Initial characterisation suggests that this material generates higher trapped fields than undoped material at 77K (>0.5T).
Dr R. A. Doyle
Preliminary Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy measurements (with Dr Mark Welland) have shown that we can tunnel into the surface of freshly prepared thin films of YBCO. This is encouraging since there is great interest in imaging, with atomic resolution, the uniformity of current transfer across grain boundaries of these materials.
Dr R.A. Doyle
Transport and magnetic measurements have been carried out on single crystals of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d at fields and temperatures where the first order transition in the vortex lattice is observed.
Transport and magnetisation measurements have been made on bulk melt processed YBCO, and on both natural and artificial grain boundaries in this system. The irreversibility line of artificially engineered boundaries is very high, showing that this joining technology is very promising for fabrication of large engineering artefacts.
A goniometer-controlled miniature Hall-probe system for measurement of the local magnetisation of small samples has been developed and is expected to be operational by early 1998.
Professor N.A. Fleck
Professor M.F. Ashby
Dr T.J. Lu
A co-ordinated activity has begun on measuring and modelling the mechanical properties of metallic foams. These new engineering materials show great potential for use in energy absorption in automotive applications, as the foam cores for sandwich panels, and in heat transfer and acoustic attenuation applications. If they are to be used more widely, research is needed on their deformation and fracture properties, including fatigue and creep. A broad range of experiments is in progress, including multi-axial loading tests, high strain rate tests, fatigue and fracture studies, and sandwich panel testing.
Dr T.J. Lu
Professor M.F. Ashby
Metal foams with open cells have applications as heat-exchange elements. The heat-transfer characteristics of metal foams are being analysed.
Predictive models, adapted to the optimisation of density, pore size, etc. are being
developed.
Metal foams offer a combination of attractive properties. Among these is the ability to absorb sound, suggesting their use for acoustic insulation as well as providing mechanical strength at low weight. Experiments to characterise sound absorption in metal foams are in progress.
Dr H.R. Shercliff
A major survey of materials modelling in the UK was conducted for the Office of Science and Technology and the Institute of Materials(D56). The purpose was to review the status of the modelling of materials in processing and service across many material and industrial sectors, and to make recommendations for development in the light of the findings of the Technology Foresight programme.
Research in modelling of hot working of aluminium alloys continues in collaboration with Alcan International and the University of Sheffield(D69). A PhD project is approaching completion, and has led to a methodology for integration of process modelling with selection of materials and processes in design(D52). This work will be continued in collaboration with the Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, with the emphasis on selection of joining methods, steels and their heat treatments, and aluminium welding processes. Projects have been established on friction stir welding in collaboration with TWI and Hydro Aluminium (Norway)(D57), with the aim of characterising and modelling this important new process.
Professor N.A. Fleck
A new theory of plasticity has been developed with the inclusion of a size effect, associated with strain gradients(D32,D58). The theory has been used to model a range of plasticity phenomena (such as indentation) where size effects are observed.
Dr T.J. Lu
Professor N.A. Fleck
The thermal shock resistance of a brittle solid has been analysed for an orthotropic plate suddenly exposed to a convective medium of different temperature. Lower bound solutions are obtained for the maximum thermal shock that the plate can sustain without catastrophic failure according to two distinct criteria. Merit indices of material properties are deduced, and optimal materials are selected on the basis of these criteria. The effect of porosity on thermal shock resistance is also explored, and merit indices for thermal fatigue are derived.
Dr T.J. Lu
In any manufacturing process that requires high temperature, this step can contribute substantially to the cost. A technical cost framework (TCF) that allows trends in these costs to be determined as a function of the essential variables provides avenues for their minimisation. The basic variables are the furnace capacity, the temperature and the furnace construction. The dependent variables are power, acquisition and replacement. Information from thermal and process models, as well as the furnace element life expectancy, provide the functions needed to conduct the minimisation, through the TCF. The overall strategy has been developed and illustrated with examples.
Dr D.R.H. Jones
Current theories of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) have been modified to include back-stress effects. When known or measured values for the physical
parameters of the model materials are inserted into the model the equations predict the experimental results accurately without the use of variable
"fitting" parameters. The approach appears
to have promise for predicting the HIP processing conditions of metallic dispersion-strengthened alloy systems.
Professor N.A. Fleck
Experiments and modelling have been performed to elucidate the mechanisms by which mixed powders, one ductile and the other rigid, consolidate under pressure at both low and high temperatures. The pressure-density characteristics are measured under purely hydrostatic and more complex triaxial loadings(D34). Micromechanical models capture the constitutive response. A study has begun on the compaction of particulate-reinforced powder composites, as part of an initiative to use SiC particle-reinforced aluminium alloy compacts in automotive applications. The multi-axial yield surface has been measured and the stage I compaction of composites has been modelled. An international symposium sponsored by IUTAM was held in Cambridge on 15-17 July 1996 to review the current status of the Mechanics of Powder Compaction and Granular Flow.
Dr D.R.H. Jones
An experimental study of the effect of a liquid-metal environment on the fatigue and fracture behaviour of solid metals is continuing(D17,D29,D30). Results to date indicate that there is a competition between the processes of crack advance and crack-tip dissolution by the liquid metal. The modelling of creep and HIP using metal-type organic compounds is continuing(D25).
A project which involves a series of detailed investigations of specific engineering failures is continuing(D18,D44). The results should be of relevance to professionals involved with the design, manufacture and maintenance of sale and reliable engineering artifacts. The project has resulted in the launch of a new journal, Engineering Failure Analysis (editor-in-chief: D.R.H.Jones). Now in its fourth year of publication by Elsevier Science, the journal is the first to be devoted wholly to the subject of Failure Analysis.
Dr J.A. Williams
Work on the mechanics of the interaction between both dry and lubricated surfaces has continued in collaboration with a number of academic and industrial partners. This has included further work on shakedown(D46,D64,D65) and on boundary lubrication(D6,D7,D8). Other investigations have involved the role of transfer debris layers, the rheology of traction fluids for vehicle transmissions at elevated temperatures and the action of lubricants in metal cutting and forming - the drive here being to replace successful but environmentally unacceptable compounds with those of a more benign nature. The Cambridge Tribology Course which is now recognised by the Professional Institutions as representing a contribution to professional career development ran in September with twenty-eight delegates drawn from industry and academia in some eight European countries.
Dr M.P.F. Sutcliffe
Continuing work in metal working focuses on producing accurate mechanical models of changes in the surface during metal forming processes. In collaboration with Professor Wilson at Northwestern University, the role of different roughness wavelengths has been examined. Further work funded by EPSRC, Alcan, Cegelec and British Steel, will model friction and surface finish in cold rolling.
Dr J.A. Greenwood
Small spheres, such as the powders involved in chemical- and food-processing industries, readily stick together. For clean, dry surfaces this is due
to the intrinsic surface energy of the solids, and the behaviour can be explained by the JKR theory originally devised to explain the behaviour of
rubber spheres (and arising from work on the friction of windscreen wiper blades). There has long been some controversy over the theoretical
magnitude of the "pull-off" force needed to separate the spheres, and a recent paper upset the balance by claiming that the JKR value is not the
small-sphere/very-elastic asymptote. Detailed calculations using idealised laws governing the
atomic forces between surfaces show that paper to be wrong and that the JKR value is indeed the asymptote, and provide information about the
"jump-on" and "jump-off" by which contacts are made and broken(D38). This information is of considerable interest in nano-tribology , in which
sliding friction experiments between atomically smooth surfaces are performed in the Atomic Force Microscope and the Surface Force
Apparatus(D43). Experimental values of friction in nano-contacts have been correlated with the area predicted by the JKR theory. More generally,
there is renewed interest in the relation between adhesion and friction, and continuum models of the combined effect of adhesion and friction are
currently being developed(D42).
Professor N.A. Fleck
Professor K.L. Johnson
Measurements of adhesion by the surface force apparatus make use of thin mica layers glued to a glass substrate. It turns out that the compliance of the epoxy adhesive has a significant effect on the measured adhesive forces. A numerical analysis has been performed of the adhesion between layered solids in order to aid interpretation of adhesion experiments(D60).
Dr J.A. Greenwood
Mineral oils and synthetic lubricants that are thickened by polymers of large molecular weight are being promoted for automobiles as well as aircraft gas turbines. These multiweight lubricants are found to have a complicated Newtonian and non-Newtonian viscosity depending upon shear rate in the bearing. In general, polymer thickened mineral oil lubricants show a first Newtonian behaviour at low shear rate, shear thinning non-Newtonian behaviour at higher shear rate, and a second Newtonian behaviour at very high shear rate: the second Newtonian viscosity is approximately that of the base oil. Because of high shear thinning in the inlet region of rolling element bearings, the film thickness predicted using the low shear rate viscosity can be very seriously in error.
A general elastohydrodynamic analysis for shear-thinning lubricants in pure rolling has been derived, of which the above behaviour is a special case. The analysis throws an interesting side-light on the Reynolds' equation, which has been described as a momentum equation or a flow continuity equation: now it appears as a generalised constitutive equation.
D1. Akisanya, A.R., Fleck, N.A. Interfacial cracking from the free-edge of a long bi-material strip. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 34, (13), 1645-1665 (1997).
D2. Aukkaravittayapun, S., King, P.J., Benedict, K.A., Latyshev, Y., Gorlova, I.G., Zybtsev, S., Campbell, A.M., Doyle, R.A., Johnson, J.D., Seow, W.S. Four contact electrical measurements of the anisotropic high-Tc superconductors - voltage reversals. Physica C: Superconductivity, 270, (3-4), 231-241 (1996).
D3. Barlow, C.Y. Dislocations and local strain fields in metal matrix composites. Physics and Mechanics of Finite Plastic and Viscoplastic Deformation: Proceedings, Plasticity '97, 6th International Symposium on Plasticity and its Concurrent Applications, Juneau, Alaska (July 1997); Edited by A.S. Khan, 227-228 (Neat Press, Fulton, MD, USA, 1997).
D4. Barlow, C.Y. Materials selection for musical instruments. Proceedings of the Institute of Acoustics, 19, (5), 69-78 (1997).
D5. Beaumont, P.W.R., Dimant, R.A., Shercliff, H.R. The micromechanics of crack growth in fibre composites: observing and modelling the failure processes. Proceedings, ICCM-XI, International Conference on Composite Materials, Brisbane, Australia (July 1997).
D6. Blencoe, K.A., Williams, J.A. Friction of sliding surfaces carrying boundary films. Wear, 203-204, 722-729 (1997).
D7. Blencoe, K.A., Williams, J.A. The friction of sliding surfaces carrying boundary layers. Tribology Letters, 3, 121-123 (1997).
D8. Blencoe, K.A., Williams, J.A. Friction of sliding surfaces carrying boundary layers: the relation between friction on the micro- and macro-scales. Proceedings, NATO Advanced Study Institute on Micro/Nano-Tribology and its Applications, Sesimbra, Portugal (June 1996); Edited by B. Bhushan, 391-397. NATO ASI Series E, Applied Sciences 330 (Kluwer Academic, 1997). C1997.010
D9. Bratland, D.H., Grong, Ø., Shercliff, H.R., Myhr, O.R., Tjøtta, S. Modelling of precipitation reactions in industrial processing. Acta Materialia, 45, (1), 1-22 (1997).
D10. Brechet, Y., Ashby, M.F., Dupeux, M., Louchet, F. La sélection des matériaux et des procédés. Matériaux et Techniques, 1, (2), 26-32 (1996).
D11. Cardwell, D.A. Review of `Applied Superconductivity' edited by D. Dew-Hughes, Institute of Physics, 1996. Materials World, 4, (12), 714 (1996).
D12. Cardwell, D.A., Lo, W., Leung, H.-T., Chow, J.C.L. The effect of platinum doping on the spatial distribution of Y2BaCuO5 inclusions in
large grain melt processed YBa2Cu3O7-d. Advances in Superconductivity IX, Proceedings, 9th International Symposium, ISS96, Sapporo, Japan
(October 1996); Edited by S. Nakajima, M. Murakima, 2,
725-728 (Springer-Verlag, 1997).
D13. Cheung, C.Y., Cebon, D. Deformation mechanisms of pure bitumen. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering (ASCE), 9, (3), 117-129 (1997).
D14. Cheung, C.Y., Cebon, D. Experimental study of pure bitumens in tension, compression and shear. Journal of Rheology, 41, (1), 45-73 (1997).
D15. Chow, J.C.L., Lo, W., Dewhurst, C.D., Leung, H.-T., Cardwell, D.A., Shi, Y.H. The influence of process parameters on the growth morphology of large-grain Pt-doped YBCO fabricated by seeded peritectic solidification. Superconductor Science and Technology, 10, 435-443 (1997).
D16. Chow, J.C.L., Lo, W., Leung, H.-T., Cardwell, D.A. Etching of melt-processed YBa2CU3O7-d for SEM image analysis. Journal of Materials Science Letters, 15, (21), 1833-1835 (1966).
D17. Clegg, R.E., Jones, D.R.H. The effect of cold work on the liquid metal induced embrittlement of brass by gallium. Advances in Fracture Research, Proceedings, 9th International Conference on Fracture, Sydney, Australia (April 1997); Edited by B.L. Karihaloo, Y-W. Mai, M.I. Ripley, R.O. Ritchie, 1, 439-445 (Pergamon, 1997).
D18. Cleland, J.H., Jones, D.R.H. Shear failure of a road-vehicle steering shaft. Engineering Failure Analysis, 4, (1), 81-88 (1997).
D19. Cohen, L.F., Totty, J.T., Perkins, G.K., Doyle, R.A., Kadowaki, K. Flux creep associated with bulk pinning and edge barriers in BSCCO - 2212 single crystals. Supercondctor Science and Technology, 10, (4), 195-202 (1997).
D20. Coombs, T.A., Cardwell, D.A., Campbell, A.M. Dynamic properties of superconducting magnetic bearings. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 7, (2), part 1, 924-927 (1997).
D21. Cowley, K.D., Beaumont, P.W.R. Part 1 - Damage accumulation at notches and the fracture stress of carbon fibre-polymer composites: combined effects of stress and temperature. Composite Science and Technology, 57, (910), 1211-1219 (1997).
D22. Cowley, K.D., Beaumont, P.W.R. Part 2 - Modelling problems of damage at notches and the fracture stress of carbon fibre-polymer composites: matrix, temperature and residual stress effects. Composite Science and Technology, 57, (9-10), 1309-1330 (1997).
D23. Cowley, K.D., Beaumont, P.W.R. Part 3 - The interlaminar and intralaminar fracture toughness of carbon fibre-polymer composites: the effect of temperature. Composite Science and Technology, 57, (11), 1433-1444 (1997).
D24. Cowley, K.D., Beaumont, P.W.R. Part 4 - The measurement and prediction of residual stresses in carbon fibre-polymer composites. Composite Science and Technology, 57, (11), 1445-1456 (1997).
D25. Davies, G.C., Jones, D.R.H. Creep of metal-type organic compounds - IV: application to hot isostatic pressing. Acta Materialia, 45, (2), 775-789 (1997).
D26. Doyle, R.A. Local electrodynamics in heavy ion irradiated BSCCO. Invited contribution. Proceedings, 8th International Workshop on Critical Currents in Superconductors, Kitakyushu, Japan (May 1996); Edited by T. Matsushita, K. Yamafuji (World Scientific, 1997).
D27. Doyle, R.A. Vortex dimensionality and phases from transport measurements in BSCCO crystals. Plenary presentation. Advances in Superconductivity IX, Proceedings, 9th International Symposium, ISS96, Sapporo, Japan (October 1996); Edited by S. Nakajima, M. Murakima, 1, 29-34 (Springer-Verlag, 1997).
D28. Doyle, R.A., Seow, W.S., Campbell, A.M., Mochiku, T., Kadowaki, K., Wirth, G. Local electrodynamics in heavy ion irradiated BSCCO single crystals. Physical Review Letters, 77, (6), 735-738 (1996).
D29. Fernades, P.J.L., Jones, D.R.H. The effects of microstructure on crack initiation in liquid metal environments. Engineering Failure Analysis, 4, (3), 195-204 (1997). Also to: 9th International Conference on Fracture, Sydney, Australia (April 1997).
D30. Fernades, P.J.L., Jones, D.R.H. Specificity in liquid metal induced embrittlement. Engineering Failure Analysis, 3, (4), 299-302 (1996).
D31. Fleck, N.A. Compressive failure of fiber composites. In: Advances in Applied Mechanics, 33; Edited by J.W. Hutchinson, T.Y. Wu, 43-119 (Academic Press, 1997).
D32. Fleck, N.A., Hutchinson, J.W. Strain gradient plasticity. In: Advances in Applied Mechanics, 33; Edited by J.W. Hutchinson, T.Y. Wu, 295-361 (Academic Press, 1997).
D33. Fleck, N.A., Sivashanker, S., Sutcliffe, M.P.F. Compressive failure of composites due to microbuckle growth. European Journal of Mechanics, A/Solids, 16, Special Issue, 63-82 (1997).
D34. Fleck, N.A., Storåkers, B., McMeeking, R.M. The viscoplastic compaction of powders. IUTAM Symposium on Mechanics of Granular and Porous Materials, Cambridge (July 1996); Edited by N.A. Fleck, A.C.F. Cocks, 1-10. Solid Mechanics and its Applications 53 (Kluwer, 1997).
D35. Fuchs, D.T., Doyle, R.A., Zeldov, E., Majer, D., Seow, W.S., Drost, R.J., Tamegai, T., Ooi, S., Konczykowski, M., Kes, P.H. Resistive evidence for vortex lattice sublimation in BSCCO. Physics Review B, 55, (10), R6156-R6159 (1997).
D36. Fuchs, D.T., Zeldov, E., Majer, D., Doyle, R.A., Tamegain, T., Ooi, S., Konczykowski, M. Simultaneous resistivity onset and first order vortex-lattice phase transition in BSCCO. Physics Review B, 54, (2), R796-R799 (1996).
D37. Gibson, L.J., Ashby, M.F. Cellular Solids (2nd edition) (Cambridge University Press, 1997).
D38. Greenwood, J.A. Adhesion of elastic spheres. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A, 453, (1961), 1277-1297 (1997).
D39. Greenwood, J.A. Analysis of elliptical Hertizan contacts. Tribology International, 30, (3), 235-237 (1997).
D40. Greenwood, J.A. Contact pressures as an elastic roller crosses a scratch. Transactions of the ASME, Journal of Applied Mechanics, 64, (2), 425-427 (1997).
D41. Huber, J.E., Fleck, N.A., Ashby, M.F. The selection of mechanical actuators based on performance indices.
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A, 453, (1965), 2185-2205 (1997).
D42. Johnson, K.L. Adhesion and friction between a smooth elastic asperity and a plane surface. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A, 453, (1965), 163-179 (1997).
D43. Johnson, K.L., Greenwood, J.A. An adhesion map for the contact of elastic spheres. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 192, 326-333 (1997).
D44. Jones, D.R.H. Corrosion of central heating systems. Engineering Failure Analysis, 4, (3), 179-194 (1997).
D45. Kapoor, A., Johnson, K.L., Williams, J.A. A model for the mild ratchetting wear of metals. Wear, 200, (1-2), 38-44 (1996).
D46. Kapoor, A., Williams, J.A. The effect of interfacial shear strength on the performance of coated surfaces in repeated sliding. Transactions of the ASME, Journal of Tribology, 119, (3), 541-548 (1997).
D47. Kastalyan, M., Stronge, W.J. On Saint-Venant's principle in 2D anisotropic elasticity. Multiple Scale Analyses and Coupled Physical Systems, Proceedings, Saint-Venant Symposium, Paris, France, 433-438 (August 1997).
D48. Kerherve, Y., Shercliff, H.R. The effect of prior heat treatment of the recrystallisation of hot-worked aluminium alloy AA3104. Cambridge University Engineering Department Technical Report CUED/C-MATS/TR.239 (September 1997).
D49. Khaykovich, B., Konczykowski, M., Zeldov, E., Doyle, R.A., Kes, P.H., Majer, D., Li, T.W. Nature of vortex lattice transitions in BSCCO: effects of weak disorder. Physics Review B, 56, (2), R517-R520 (1997).
D50. Lo, W., Dewhurst, C.D., Cardwell, D.A. Distribution of critical current density in large YBCO grains fabricated using seeded peritectic solidification. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 7, (2), 1925-1928 (1997).
D51. Lo W., Leung, H.-T., Cardwell, D.A., Chow, J.C.L. Local dendrite development during seeded peritectic solidification of large YBa2CU3O7-d grains. Journal of American Ceramics Society, 80, (3), 813-816 (1997).
D52. Lovatt, A.M., Shercliff, H.R. Process selection in design: a task-based approach. Cambridge University Engineering Department Technical Report CUED/C-MATS/TR.234 (December 1996).
D53. Pritchard, J., Ansell, M.P., Bonfield, P.W., Barlow, C.Y., Bucur, V. Understanding the fatigue and creep properties of MDF, OSB and chipboard using environmental scanning electron microscopy and X-ray densitometry. Proceedings IUFRO S 5.02 Timber Engineering Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark (June 1997).
D54. Rowley, A.T., Wroe, F.C.R., Vasquez-Navarro, M.D., Lo, W., Cardwell, D.A. Microwave assisted oxygenation of melt processed bulk YBa2Cu3O7-d ceramics. Journal of Materials Science, 32, (17), 4541-4547 (1997).
D55. Sekine, H., Beaumont, P.W.R. A new micromechanical theory for the stress corrosion cracking of glass-epoxy composites. Proceedings, ICCM-XI, International Conference on Composite Materials, Brisbane, Australia (July 1997).
D56. Shercliff, H.R. Modelling of materials and processes. A report commissioned by the Institute of Materials and Office of Science and Technology in response to Technology Foresight. Cambridge University Engineering Department Technical Report CUED/C-MATS/TR.243 (June 1997).
D57. Shercliff, H.R., Amariglio, L., Reynolds, A. Toughness testing of aluminium alloys AA6082 and friction stir welded AA7108. Cambridge University Engineering Department Technical Report CUED/C-MATS/TR.238 (September 1997).
D58. Shu, J.Y., Fleck, N.A., King, W.E. Bicrystals with strain gradient effects. Proceedings, Interfacial Engineering for Optimized Properties Symposium, Materials Research Society Fall Meeting, Boston, MA, USA (December 1996); Edited by C.L. Briant, et al, 295-300. MRS Symposium Series 458 (MRS, 1997).
D59. Slaughter, W.S., Fan,J., Fleck, N.A. Dynamic compressive failure of fiber composites. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 44, (11), 1867-1890 (1996).
D60. Sridhar, I., Johnson, K.L., Fleck, N.A. Adhesion mechanics of the surface force apparatus. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 30, (12), 1710-1719 (1997).
D61. Sutcliffe, M.P.F., Fleck, N.A. Microbuckle propagation in fibre composites. Acta Materialia, 45, (3), 921-932 (1997).
D62. Turner, C.D., Ashby, M.F. Cold isostatic pressing of composite powders - I. Experimental investigations using model powders. Acta Materialia, 44, (11), 4521-4530 (1996).
D63. Williams, J.A. The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear. TriboTest, 3, (3), 267-306 (1997).
D64. Wong, S.K., Kapoor, A., Williams, J.A. Shakedown limits on coated and engineered surfaces. Wear, 203-204, 162-170 (1997).
D65. Wong, S.K., Kapoor, A., Williams, J.A. Shakedown limits on coated surfaces. Thin Solid Films, 292, (1-2), 156-163 (1997).
D66. Yan, Y., Cardwell, D.A., Campbell, A.M., Stobbs, W.M. A transmission electron microscopy study of the crystallinity and secondary phase formation in melt-processed YBa2CU3O7-d. Journal of Materials Research, 11, (12), 2990-2999 (1996).
D67. Yan, Y., Doyle, R.A., Campbell, A.M., Wirth, G., Stobbs, W.M. Modulated structure and local oxygen reordering induced by high energy Au-ion irradiation in YBa2CU3O7-d. Philosophical Magazine Letters, 73, (6), 299-308 (1996).
D68. Zeisberger, M., Campbell, A.M., Lo, W., Cardwell, D.A. Characterisation of bulk YBCO samples by local AC susceptometry. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 7, (2), part 1, 1065-1068 (1997).
D69. Zhu, Q., Shercliff, H.R., Sellars, C.M. Modelling hot deformation behaviour based on evolution of dislocation substructures. Proceedings, International Conference on Thermomechanical Processing of Steel and Other Materials, Wollongong, Australia (July 1997).