List of publications: N.Collings

Six representative works
N. Collings, Optical pattern recognition using holographic techniques, (Addison-Wesley, 1988).
N. Collings, W.A. Crossland, P.J. Ayliffe, D.G. Vass, and I. Underwood,"Evolutionary development of advanced liquid crystal spatial light modulators", Appl. Opt. 28, 4740-4747 (1989).
N. Collings,"Paradigms for optical computing", in Frontiers in Computing Systems Research, ed. S. Tewksbury (Plenum, 1990).
N. Collings, D. Prongué, and H.P. Herzig, "2D reconfigurable interconnect in a planar optics configuration", OSA Proceedings on Photonic Switching, H.Scott Hinton and Joseph W. Goodman eds. (Optical Society of America, Washington, DC 1991), Vol.8, pp.81-84.
N. Collings, "Optoelectronic signal processing", in Optical Sensors, eds. E. Wagner, R. Dändliker, and K. Spenner (VCH, 1992).
N. Collings, "Design considerations for a useful two-layer neural network", Euro-American workshop on Optical Pattern Recognition, eds. B. Javidi and P. Réfrégier pp.314-333 (SPIE Optical Engineering Press, 1994).

Guest editorial
Special Issue on Optical Signal Processing, Optics and Lasers in Engineering 23, 73-74 (1995).

Published papers
1. Magnetooptical effects
R.R. Birss, N. Collings, and M.R. Parker,"Dispersion of the Voigt effect in thin iron films", Phys. Lett. A. 13(1975).
R.R. Birss, N. Collings, and M.R. Parker,"Dispersion of the linear magnetic birefringence in transition metal films", Physica B & C, v.86-88 B+C pt.3, 1203-4 (1977).
N. Collings,"The nucleation of domains in permalloy using low intensity ultrasound", IEEE Trans. on Magnetics, MAG-I5, 1842-4(1979).
N. Collings, N. Patil, and L.M. Lambert,"Magnetosonic image converter", in Acoustical Imaging v.8, ed. A.F. Metherell (Plenum, 1980), pp.347-370.

2. Liquid crystal devices
D. Williams, S.G. Latham, C.M.J. Powles, M.A. Powell, R.C. Chittick, A.P. Sparks, and N. Collings "An amorphous silicon/chiral smectic spatial light modulator", J. Phys. D, 21,S 156-S 159 (1988).
N. Collings, W.A. Crossland, R.C. Chittick, S.G. Latham, and D. Williams, "Progress on chiral smectic optically addressed spatial light modulators", IEE digest #1988/122.
N. Collings, W.A. Crossland, R.C. Chittick, and M.F. Bone,"The novel application of the electroclinic effect to light valve technology", Proc. SPIE, 963, 46-50 (1988).
N. Collings, S.G. Latham, R.C. Chittick, and W.A. Crossland,"Reconfigurable optical interconnect using an optically addressed light valve", Int. J. Opt. Comp. 1, 31-40 (1990).
N. Collings and W. Xue, "Characterization of optically addressed SLM's for recurrent optical neural networks" Int. J. Optical Computing 2, 97-107 (1991).
N. Collings, W. Xue, and G. Pedrini, "The efficiency of liquid crystal light valves as polarization rotators" Proc. SPIE 1505, 12-19 (1991).
W. Xue, N. Collings, and K.J. Weible, "The performance characteristics of a ferroelectric liquid crystal light valve with pixellated metal reflector", Optical Computing and Processing, 2, 107-114 (1992).
N. Collings and W. Xue, "Liquid crystal light valves (LCLV) as thresholding elements in neural networks: basic device requirements", Appl. Opt. 33, 2829-2833 (1994).
N. Collings, J. Gourley, D.G. Vass, H.J. White, C. Stace, and G.M. Proudley, "Measurements on ferroelectric liquid-crystal spatial light modulators: contrast ratio and speed", Appl. Opt. 34, 5928-5931 (1995).
N. Collings, M. Bouvier, B. Züger, and J. Grupp, "High contrast twisted nematic cells for switching at 1.55 microns". Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 320,277-285 (1998).
N. Collings, A.R. Pourzand, F.L.Vladimirov, N.I.Pletneva, and A.N.Chaika, "Pixellated liquid-crystal light valve for neural network application", Appl. Opt. 38, 6184-6189 (1999).

3. Free-space optical systems
N. Collings and P. Lindstrom,"Conference report on the topical meeting on optical computing, Hyatt Lake Tahoe, Incline Village, Nevada, 18-20 March 1985", J. Phys. E, 18 (1985).
N. Collings and P. Lindstrom,"Computer simulation of hybrid cross-correlators", IEE Proc. Pt.J, 133, 31-34(1986).
N. Collings, R.C. Chittick, I.R. Cooper, and P. Waite,"A hybrid optical/electronic image correlator", in Optoelectronics in Engineering, ed. W. Waidelich (Springer-Verlag, 1987), pp.204-208.
N. Collings,"A review of two-dimensional spatial light modulators", in Optical techniques for information processing, IEE digest #1987/105.
R.W.A. Scarr and N. Collings, "Optimum coding of binary data for holographic matched filters", in Holographic Systems, Components, and Applications, IEE Conference Publication #311(1989)173 -178.
N. Collings, R. Sumi, K.J. Weible, B. Acklin, and W. Xue, "The use of optical hardware to find good so1utions of the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP)", Proc. SPIE 1806,637-641(1992).
K.J. Weible, N. Collings, and A. Pourzand, "Initial results of a fully interconnected neural network with modifiable interconnects", Optical Memory and Neural Networks, 1, 157-159 (1992).
C. Berger, N. Collings, A.R. Pourzand, and R. Völkel, "Comparison of two reconfigurable N xN interconnects for a recurrent neural network", Opt. Rev. 3, 388-390 (1996).
N. Collings, "Dynamic memory in a recurrent optical system", SPIE International Technical Working Group Newsletter Optical Processing and Computing November 1996, p.9.
M. Duelli, A.R. Pourzand, N. Collings, and R. Dändliker, "Pure phase correlator with photorefractive filter memory", Opt. Lett. 22, 87-89 (1997).
C. Berger, N. Collings, R. Völkel, M.T. Gale, and T. Hessler, "A microlens-array-based optical neural network application", JEOS A 6, 683-689 (1997).
N. Collings and C. Berger, "Demonstration and discussion of an interlaced fan-out interconnect", Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. 139: Part II, 247-250 (lOP Publishing; 1995).
N. Collings, A.R. Pourzand, R. Völkel, "The construction of a programmable multilayer analogue neural network using space invariant interconnects" Proc. SPIE 2565, 40-47 (1995).
N. Collings, A.R. Pourzand, F.L.Vladimirov, N.I.Pletneva, A.N.Chaika, "The construction of a multilayer analogue neural network using liquid crystal SLMs", Optical Memory and Neural Networks 6,187-198 (1997).
J.H. Sharp, N.E.MacKay, P.C. Wang, I.A. Watson, B.F.Scott, D.M. Budgett, C.R.Chatwin, R.C.D.Young, S.Tonda, J.-P. Huignard, T.G. Slack, N. Collings, A.-R. Pourzand, M. Duelli, A. Grattarola, C.Braccini, "Experimental systems implementation of a hybrid optical-digital correlator", Appl. Opt. 38 (1999) 6116-6128.
H.-W. Jeon, A.R.L.Travis, N. Collings, T.D. Wilkinson, and Y. Frauel, "Image tiling system using optically addressed spatial light modulator for high-resolution and multiview 3-D display," Proc. SPIE 3957 (2000).

4. Optical bistability
B. Acklin, R. Dändliker, and N. Collings, "The nonlinear Fabry-Perot device: its parameters and their scaling with Finesse", Opt. Commun. 103, 490-498 (1993).
C. Bagnoud and N. Collings, "Study of a bistable GaAs Fabry-Perot device for operation in array format", Opt. Comm. 114, 151-154 (1995).

Conference papers
C. Bagnoud, B. Acklin, and N. Collings, "Use of bistable GaAs Fabry-Perot devices as all-optical logic gates", Proc. SPIE 1807, 201-207 (1992).
B. Acklin, N. Collings, and C. Bagnoud, "Criteria for the use of nonlinear GaAs etalons for threshold logic". in Optical Information Technology eds. S.D. Smith and R.F. Neale (Springer-Verlag: ESPRIT Basic Research Series 1993. XII).
W. Xue and N. Collings, "Polarization behavior of a ferroelectric liquid crystal light valve", Technical Digest of OSA Meeting on Spatial Light Modulators and Applications, paper SME-6 (Palm Springs March, 1993).
W. Xue and N. Collings, "Dynamic behavior of a neural network using liquid crystal light valve", Meeting Digest of ICO Topical Meeting on Frontiers in Information Optics, paper 5B2-15 (Kyoto; April, 1994).
T.C.B. Yu, R.J. Mears, A.B. Davey, W.A. Crossland, M.W.G. Snook, N. Collings, and M. Birch, "Optical learning in a smart spatial light modulator", IEEE/LEOS 1994 Summer Topical Meeting Digest on Smart Pixels (#94TH0606-4) pp.6-7.
I Underwood, D.G. Vass, M.W.G. Snook, W.J. Hossack, L.B.Chua, J.R. Brocklehurst, M.J. Birch, W.A. Crossland, R.J. Mears, T.C.B. Yu, M.R. Worboys, S. Radcliffe, and N. Collings, "Smart pixels using liquid-crystal-over-silicon", IEEE/LEOS 1994 Summer Topical Meeting Digest on Smart Pixels (#94~FH0606-4) pp.66-67.
T.C.B. Yu. R.J. Mears, A.B. Davey, W.A. Crossland, M.W.G. Snook, N. Collings, and M. Birch, Smart VLSI/FELC spatial light modulators for neural networks", Proc. SPIE 2430, 243-248 (1994).
T.C.B. Yu, R.J. Mears, A.B. Davey, W.A. Crossland, M.W.G. Snook, N. Collings, and M. Birch, "Analogue optoelectronic implementation of a neural network with in-situ learning", 1995 IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks Proceedings vol.4 (#95CH35828) pp.2008-2013.
C. Bagnoud and N. Collings, "Optical bistability above the bandgap energy in a GaAs Fabry-Perot", Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. 139: Part VI, 577-580 (IOP Publishing; 1995).
W. Xue, N. Collings, and K.J. Weible, "The performance characteristics and comparison of three kinds of liquid crystal light valves", in Studies in Classical and Quantum Nonlinear Optics, ed. O. Keller (Nova Science, 1995).
A. Pourzand, S. Favre, N. Collings, "The optimization of a LCTV for phase-only filtering", EOS Topical Meetings Digests Series vol. 6 Optics and Information (October 1995) paper 3.5.
R. Völkel, P. Nussbaum, C. Berger, N. Collings, A. Pourzand, H.P. Herzig, R. Dändliker, "Microlens arrays for optical signal and information processing", EOS Topical Meetings Digests Series vol. 6 Optics and Information (October 1995) paper 9.15.
T.C.B.Yu and N. Collings, "Optical neural systems with SASLM1: initial demonstrations", Technical Digest of International Topical Meeting on Optical Computing (Sendai, Japan; April 1996) pp.258-9.
C. Berger, N. Collings, A.R. Pourzand, and R. Völkel, "A reconfigurable interconnect for neural network and switching applications", Technical Digest of International Topical Meeting on Optical Computing (Sendai, Japan; April 1996) pp.260-1.
M. Duelli, A.R. Pourzand, N. Collings, and R. Dändliker, "Compact correlator based on a holographic memory: limitations due to current LCTV technology", in Optics in Computing, v.8, 1997 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optical Society of America, Washington DC, 1997) pp.227-229.
C. Berger, N. Collings, and T. Jost, "Recurrent optical neural network for the study of pattern dynamics", in Optics in Computing, v.8, 1997 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optical Society of America, Washington DC, 1997) pp.46-48.
C. Berger, N. Collings, R. Völkel, M. Gale, T. Hessler, "Advantages and problems of microlens arrays in an optical neural network application", EOS Topical Meeting on Microlens Arrays (Teddington, 15-16 May 1997).
I. Saxena, P. Moerland, E. Fiesler, A.R. Pourzand, N. Collings, "An optical thresholding perceptron", 16th Workshop on Optics and Computer Science (Geneva, 1 April 1997).
C. Berger, N. Collings, and D. Gehriger, "Recurrent optical neural network for the study of pattern dynamics", Proc. SPIE 3402, 233-244 (1997).
M. Bouvier, T. Scharf, N. Collings, B. Vinouze, and N. Wolffer, "Liquid crystal beam steering device for the infrared", Conference Proceedings of the 27th Freiburger Arbeitstagung Flüssigkristalle (Freiburg, D; March, 1998).
C. Berger, N. Collings, "All-optical recurrent neural network ", Proc. SPIE 3490, 465-469 (1998).
A.R. Pourzand, N. Collings, "Progress in the construction of a multilayer optical neural network ", Proc. SPIE 3490, 439-442 (1998).
F.L.Vladimirov, A.N.Chaika, N.I.Pletneva, I.E.Morichev, N.Collings, "Spatial Light Modulators based on Chalcogenide Glass Photoconductor -Liquid Crystal Structure operating in pulse mode", Proc. SPIE 3490, 432-435 (1998).
W. Holota, G. Vdovin, N. Collings, Z. Sodnik, R. Sesselmann, S. Manhart, "The need for adaptive optics in future space optical instruments", to be published in Astronomy with Adaptive Optics, Proceedings of the ESO-OSA Topical Meeting 1998, Sonthofen (D).

Patents
"Dynamic hologram recording" (with W.A. Crossland and P.W. Ross) GB 2154024A, Date of Filing (DOF): 7.02.84
"Dynamic hologram recording" (with W.A. Crossland and P.W. Ross) GB 2178191A, DOF: 18.07.85
"Spatial light modulator" (with W.A. Crossland, P.W. Ross and S. Hanna) GB 2194071A, DOF: 8.08.86